Examples
Choose a nearby case, then change its parameters, connections, and motion in Studio.
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scene two_swings
support beam orientation=horizontal #blue
pendulum short 0.6m 16deg subject=swing #gold
pendulum long 1.5m 16deg subject=swing #red
short <-> beam
long <-> beam
animate duration=3s speed=0.5
show short.path short.equilibrium long.path long.equilibriumscene ramp_friction_spring
body block 1kg point
trajectory trajectory_block body=block stages=(ramp, floor, S) transition=lossless
surface ramp incline 30deg 3m smooth
surface floor horizontal 2m kinetic mu_kinetic=0.2
spring S 20N/m rest_length=1.5m
support wall
attachment attachment_S subject=S target=wall
set gravity 10m/s2
animate block speed=0.36
show block.motion block.velocity block.forces block.energy floor.heat
scene stacked_blocks
surface floor horizontal smooth
body cart 2kg width=2m
surface deck horizontal static mu_static=0.3 mu_kinetic=0.2
body parcel 1kg width=0.4m
force pull 6N direction=right on cart
attachment attachment_deck subject=deck target=cart
cart on floor
parcel on deck
animate duration=0.6s speed=0.2
show cart.forces cart.motion cart.acceleration cart.energy parcel.forces parcel.motion parcel.acceleration parcel.energy deck.heat
scene compound_pulley
support ceiling orientation=horizontal
load cargo 80kg #gold
pulley M, F
M <-> cargo
F <-> ceiling
animate distance=1m duration=3s speed=1
show cargo.motion cargo.forces
scene atwood_machine
support ceiling orientation=horizontal
load left 2kg
load right 3kg
pulley P
P <-> ceiling
animate left speed=0.24
show left.forces left.motion right.forces right.motion
scene cascaded_pulley
support ceiling orientation=horizontal
load load1 4kg
load load2 8kg
pulley M1, M2, F1, F2
rope R1, R2
M1 <-> load1
M2 <-> load2
F1 <-> ceiling
F2 <-> ceiling
R1: ceiling -> M1 -> F1 -> R1.free
R2: ceiling -> M2 -> F2 -> load1
animate R1.free distance=1m duration=2s speed=1
show load1.displacement load2.displacement M1.mechanical_advantage M2.mechanical_advantage
scene cascaded_rope_release
support ceiling orientation=horizontal
load stage 2kg
load load 3kg
load counter 4kg
pulley M, F, P
rope R1, R2
M <-> stage
F <-> ceiling
P <-> ceiling
R1: ceiling -> M -> F -> counter
R2: stage -> P -> load
animate stage speed=0.11
show R1 R2 stage.forces load.forces counter.forces
scene damped_oscillator
support ceiling
load weight 1kg
spring S 16N/m displacement=0.25m
damper C 2kg/s
S <-> ceiling
S <-> weight
C <-> ceiling
C <-> weight
animate weight speed=0.79
show weight.forces weight.motion
scene forced_oscillator
support ceiling
load weight 1kg
spring S 16N/m
damper C 2kg/s
force driver 1N direction=down frequency=0.6Hz
S <-> ceiling
S <-> weight
C <-> ceiling
C <-> weight
driver on weight
animate weight speed=0.56
show weight.forces weight.motion
scene parametric_oscillator
support ceiling
load weight 1kg
spring S 16N/m displacement=0.08m modulation_depth=0.15 modulation_frequency=1.27324Hz
S <-> ceiling
S <-> weight
animate duration=5s speed=1.7
show weight.forces weight.motion
scene spring_extension
support ceiling
load weight 1kg
spring S 20N/m extension=0.2m
S <-> ceiling
S <-> weight
animate S.end distance=0.2m duration=2s speed=1
scene free_spring_oscillator
support ceiling
load weight 1kg
spring S 16N/m displacement=0.25m
S <-> ceiling
S <-> weight
animate weight until weight.offset == 0m speed=1
show weight.forces weight.motion
scene small_angle_pendulum
support beam orientation=horizontal
pendulum P 1m 18deg 1kg
P <-> beam
animate P speed=0.5
show P.path P.equilibrium P.period P.motion
scene pendulum_and_incline_lab
set gravity 9.81m/s^2
support beam orientation=horizontal
pendulum P 1m 18deg 1kg
P <-> beam
surface ramp incline 20deg smooth
body crate 2kg
crate on ramp
scene frictionless_incline
surface ramp incline 12deg smooth
body crate 1kg on ramp
animate crate until crate.displacement == 1m speed=1
show crate.motion crate.forces crate.force_diagram
scene kinetic_incline
surface ramp incline 30deg static mu_static=0.4 mu_kinetic=0.25
body crate 2kg
crate on ramp
animate crate until crate.displacement == 2m speed=1
show crate.motion crate.forces crate.force_diagram
scene rolling_without_slip
surface ramp incline 18deg static mu_static=0.16
body ball 1kg sphere radius=6cm
rolling rolling_ball body=ball surface=ramp mode=without_slipping
animate ball until ball.displacement == 1m speed=1
show ball.motion ball.forces ball.force_diagram
scene rolling_rim_force
surface ramp incline 12deg static mu_static=0.3
body ball sphere radius=5cm 1kg
force rim_force 1N angle=-12deg
rolling rolling_ball body=ball surface=ramp mode=without_slipping
rim_force on ball at=opposite_contact
animate ball until ball.displacement == 1m speed=1
show ball.motion ball.forces ball.force_diagram
scene rolling_with_slip
surface ramp incline 30deg static mu_static=0.1 mu_kinetic=0.08
body ball sphere radius=6cm 1kg
rolling rolling_ball body=ball surface=ramp mode=with_slipping
animate ball until ball.displacement == 1m speed=1
show ball.motion ball.forces ball.force_diagram
scene fixed_axis_rotation
support axle
body wheel disk 2kg radius=0.2m
torque tau 4Nm direction=counterclockwise
pivot pivot_wheel body=wheel support=axle
tau on wheel
animate wheel until wheel.turn == 360deg speed=0.12
show wheel.torque wheel.inertia wheel.angular_acceleration
scene projectile_flight
surface ground horizontal
body ball 1kg point
launch launch_ball body=ball origin=ground speed=20m/s angle=45deg
animate ball speed=0.72
show ball ball.path
scene projectile_incline_landing
surface ramp incline 15deg smooth
body ball 1kg point
launch launch_ball body=ball origin=ramp speed=20m/s angle=45deg
animate ball speed=0.53
show ball.path ball.velocity ball.acceleration ball.distance
scene elliptic_orbit
body sun 1.98847e30kg point
body planet 5.9722e24kg point
orbit orbit_planet body=planet center=sun semi_major_axis=1AU eccentricity=0.4 direction=counterclockwise start=apoapsis
animate planet speed=7900000
show planet planet.path
scene hyperbolic_flyby
body sun 1.98847e30kg point
body comet 2.2e14kg point
orbit orbit_comet body=comet center=sun semi_major_axis=1AU eccentricity=1.2 observation_radius=5AU
animate comet speed=9000000
show comet comet.path
scene uniform_circular_motion
point center
body ball 0.5kg point
orbit orbit_ball body=ball center=center radius=2m speed=4m/s phase=20deg direction=counterclockwise
animate ball speed=0.79
show ball ball.path ball.period
scene uniform_linear_motion
surface road horizontal
body cyclist x=0m velocity=6m/s direction=right
cyclist on road
animate cyclist until cyclist.displacement == 72m speed=3
show cyclist.motion cyclist.distance cyclist.velocity cyclist.time
scene braking_distance
surface road horizontal
body car x=0m velocity=20m/s acceleration=-5m/s^2 direction=right
car on road
animate car until car.displacement == 40m speed=1
show car.motion car.distance car.velocity car.acceleration car.time
scene approaching_motion
surface road horizontal
body A x=0m velocity=12m/s direction=right
body B x=300m velocity=8m/s direction=left
A on road
B on road
animate A speed=3.8
show A.motion A.distance A.velocity A.time B.motion B.distance B.velocity B.time
scene pursuit_motion
surface road horizontal
body A x=0m velocity=20m/s direction=right
body B x=150m velocity=10m/s direction=right
A on road
B on road
animate A speed=3.8
show A.motion A.distance A.velocity A.time B.motion B.distance B.velocity B.time
scene lever_equilibrium
support fulcrum
rod beam 4m
force weight 600N direction=down
force F direction=down
pivot pivot_beam body=beam support=fulcrum position=1m
weight on beam position=0m
F on beam position=4m
show beam.forces beam.torque beam.equilibrium
scene horizontal_impact
surface track horizontal smooth
body A 1kg block width=0.4m x=-1m velocity=3m/s direction=right
body B 2kg block width=0.4m x=1m velocity=0m/s direction=right
A on track
B on track
collision collision_A projectile=A target=B restitution=0.8 axis=horizontal
animate A speed=0.36
show A.momentum A.energy B.momentum B.energy
scene kinetic_friction_impact
surface track horizontal kinetic mu_kinetic=0.1
body A 1kg block width=0.4m x=-1m velocity=3m/s direction=right
body B 2kg block width=0.4m x=1m velocity=0m/s direction=right
A on track
B on track
collision collision_A projectile=A target=B restitution=0.8 axis=horizontal
animate A speed=0.77
show A.forces A.momentum B.forces B.momentum
scene oblique_impact
body A 1kg sphere radius=0.3m x=-2m y=0m velocity=3m/s direction=right
body B 2kg sphere radius=0.3m x=0m y=0.4m velocity=0m/s direction=right
collision collision_A projectile=A target=B restitution=0.8 axis=contact
animate A speed=0.35
show A.momentum B.momentum
scene torsion_balance
rod beam 1m
fiber thread k
body small_left 10g
body small_right 10g
body large_left 100kg
body large_right 100kg
attachment attachment_thread subject=thread target=beam at=center
attachment attachment_beam subject=beam target=small_left at=left
attachment attachment_beam_2 subject=beam target=small_right at=right
attraction attraction_small_left subject=small_left target=large_left law=gravity
attraction attraction_small_right subject=small_right target=large_right law=gravity
scene switch_lamp
source V 6V #blue
switch S open #gray
lamp L 6V 3W #gold
V <-> S <-> L <-> Vscene rail_induction
rail track length=6m separation=1m
rod bar 0.5kg 1m x=0.5m
resistor R 2ohm
field B magnetic 1T direction=into_page
force pull 1N direction=right on bar
bar on track
bar in B
track <-> R <-> track
animate duration=3s speed=0.75
show bar.velocity bar.forces bar.energy R.current R.heat B.induction
scene rail_field_crossing
rail track length=8m separation=1m
rod bar 0.5kg 1m x=0.5m
resistor R 2ohm
field B magnetic 1T direction=into_page x_min=1.5m x_max=3.5m
force pull 1N direction=right on bar
bar on track
bar in B
track <-> R <-> track
animate duration=3s speed=0.5
show bar.velocity bar.forces bar.energy R.current R.heat B.induction
scene electric_hoist
let supply = 12V
source battery $supply
switch S closed
rheostat control 4ohm position=25%
motor M $supply 60rad/s 1ohm
drum D 5cm ratchet
load cargo 1kg
battery <-> S <-> control <-> M <-> battery
shaft shaft_M source=M target=D
winding winding_D drum=D load=cargo
animate duration=2s speed=0.5
scene switched_colored_lamp
source V 6V
switch S closed
lamp L 6V 3W #gold
V <-> S <-> L <-> V
scene rheostat_lamp_control
source V 6V
rheostat R 18ohm position=50%
lamp L 6V 3W #gold
V <-> R <-> L <-> V
scene lamp_bypass_short
source V 6V
resistor limiter 1ohm
lamp L 6V 3W #gold
switch S open
V <-> limiter <-> (L <=> S) <-> V
scene parallel_circuit
source V 12V
resistor R1 100ohm
resistor R2 200ohm
V <-> (R1 <=> R2) <-> V
scene electric_dipole
field E electric
charge q1 1uC x=-0.5m y=0m
charge q2 -1uC x=0.5m y=0m
field_source field_source_E field=E sources=(q1, q2)
animate E speed=1
show E.electric_field q1.forces q2.forces
scene magnetic_particle_orbit
particle ion 2kg 3C 4m/s direction=right
field B magnetic 0.5T direction=into_page
ion in B
animate ion speed=2.1
show ion.path ion.velocity ion.forces ion.period
scene crossed_field_velocity_selector
particle electron -1e direction=right
field E electric 20kV/m direction=down
field B magnetic 10mT direction=into_page
electron in E, B length=20cm
animate electron speed=3.3e-8
show electron.velocity electron.forces
scene electromagnetic_induction
coil C 200 4cm 8ohm
magnet M 0.8A*m2
induction induction_M source=M target=C axis=axial distance=20cm
animate M displacement=-8cm duration=2s speed=0.67
show C.flux C.induction
scene series_rlc_ac
source V type=ac rms_voltage=12V frequency=60Hz phase=15deg
resistor R 80ohm
capacitor C 100uF
inductor L 200mH
V <-> R <-> C <-> L <-> V
animate V speed=0.0042
show R.current R.voltage C.current C.voltage L.current L.voltage V.voltage
scene candle_lens_distance
object candle 5cm #gold
lens L converging 10cm #blue
candle -> L object_distance=35cm #red
animate candle object_distance=16cm duration=5s speed=1scene plane_mirror_reflection
light laser ray color=red
mirror M plane
laser -> M incidence_angle=20deg
animate laser incidence_angle=65deg duration=3s speed=1
show laser.normal laser.angles
scene snell_refraction
medium air 1
medium glass 1.5
light laser ray color=red
laser -> air -> glass incidence_angle=20deg
animate laser incidence_angle=60deg duration=3s speed=1
show laser.normal laser.angles
scene thin_lens_image
object candle 4cm
candle -> L object_distance=30cm
lens L converging 10cm
animate candle object_distance=15cm duration=3s speed=1
scene prism_dispersion
light sun beam color=white
prism P
screen wall
sun -> P -> wall
scene traveling_radio_wave
light spark source 50MHz
detector loop
field EM electromagnetic
wave radio electromagnetic field=EM 6m 30deg
radio -> loop
animate radio speed=1e-8
show radio.wave radio.wavelength
scene radio_wave_and_incline_lab
light spark source 50MHz
detector loop
field EM electromagnetic
wave radio electromagnetic field=EM 6m 30deg
radio -> loop
surface ramp incline 18deg smooth
body crate 1kg
crate on ramp
scene symbolic_em_wave
light spark source
detector loop
field EM electromagnetic
wave radio electromagnetic field=EM lambda
radio -> loop
show radio.wave radio.wavelength
scene interferometer
light laser source
beam_splitter splitter
mirror M1, M2
detector eye
show laser.rays eye.interference
scene coherent_interferometer
light laser source 50MHz
beam_splitter splitter
mirror M1, M2
detector eye
wave armA electromagnetic 1 6m
wave armB electromagnetic 1 6m
armA -> eye distance=12m
armB -> eye distance=13.5m
interference interference_armA first=armA second=armB detector=eye
animate eye speed=6.7e-9
show laser.rays eye.interference armA.phase armB.phase
scene gravitational_lensing
light starlight source
body sun 1.989e30kg
detector earth
deflection deflection_starlight incident=starlight mass=sun observer=earth angle=1.75arcsec
show starlight
scene xray_transmission
light xray beam
body hand material="bone"
screen plate
transmission transmission_xray incident=xray material=hand detector=plate
show xray.rays
scene photoelectric_effect
particle photon 4.5eV
body metal material=sodium
particle electron
photoelectric photoelectric_photon incident=photon material=metal emitted=electron work_function=2.3eV angle=35deg incident_distance=3.40787507337368um
animate electron until electron.displacement == 10nm speed=7.6e-15
show electron.energy electron.velocity
scene electrical_heating
source V 12V
resistor R 6ohm
reservoir water 300K
V <-> R <-> V
transfer transfer_R source=R target=water form=electrical_to_thermal duration=10s
show R water.energy water.heat
scene carnot_cycle
reservoir hot 600K
reservoir cold 300K
engine motor 0.4
cycle cycle_motor engine=motor hot=hot cold=cold
show motor.heat motor.work motor.efficiency
scene joule_transfer
body weight 1kg
reservoir water medium="water"
transfer transfer_weight source=weight target=water form=mechanical_to_thermal amount=100J
show weight.energy weight.work water.heat
scene statistical_ensemble
ensemble gas particles=18 microstates=1000000
show gas.states gas.energy
scene heat_engine_energy_cycle
reservoir hot 600K
reservoir cold 300K
engine motor 0.4
cycle cycle_motor engine=motor hot=hot cold=cold heat_in=1000J heat_out=600J work=400J schedule=equal_stages
animate motor duration=3s speed=1
show motor.heat motor.work motor.efficiency
scene floating_body_buoyancy
fluid water 1000kg/m3
body block 1kg volume=0.002m3
equilibrium equilibrium_block body=block fluid=water
show block.buoyancy block.gravity
scene buoyant_small_heave
fluid water 1000kg/m3
body block 1kg volume=0.002m3 area=0.02m2
equilibrium equilibrium_block body=block fluid=water initial_displacement=1cm
animate block speed=0.15
show block.buoyancy block.gravity water.waterline
scene activity_measurement
sample uranium material=uranium A
sample ore material=pitchblende activity=greater_than_A
detector electrometer
measurement measurement_uranium subject=uranium detector=electrometer observable=activity reading=A
measurement measurement_ore subject=ore detector=electrometer observable=activity reading=greater_than_A
scene quantum_transition
particle electron negative_e spin=up
energy_level E0 0
energy_level E1 1eV
occupation occupation_electron particle=electron level=E1
transition transition_electron particle=electron from=E1 to=E0 photon=hnu
scene pauli_occupancy
particle electron_up spin=up
particle electron_down spin=down
energy_level orbital_1s E1 n=1
occupation occupation_electron_up particle=electron_up level=orbital_1s
occupation occupation_electron_down particle=electron_down level=orbital_1s
scene uncertainty_principle
particle electron p
wavefunction psi state=localized dx dp
state state_electron particle=electron wavefunction=psi
scene matter_wave_diffraction
particle electron p lambda
aperture crystal crystal spacing=d
detector plate
electron -> crystal -> plate
scene rutherford_scattering
particle alpha 2e
atom gold element=Au model=nuclear
screen scintillation
scattering scattering_alpha incident=alpha target=gold detector=scintillation angle=large
scene particle_collision
particle neutron 0 m_n
body paraffin material=paraffin
particle proton e m_p
reaction reaction_neutron projectile=neutron target=paraffin products=(proton)
scene antiparticle_pair
particle electron m_e negative_e
particle positron m_e positive_e
pair pair_electron particle=electron antiparticle=positron
scene spacetime_signal
particle light hnu
reference_frame train v
event center 0m 0s
event front L t
signal signal_light carrier=light from=center to=front frame=train
scene radioactive_decay
sample radium material=Ra
nucleus radon isotope=Rn
particle alpha 2e
decay decay_radium parent=radium products=(radon, alpha)
scene nuclear_fission
particle neutron 0
nucleus uranium isotope=U235
nucleus barium isotope=Ba141
nucleus krypton isotope=Kr92
fission fission_uranium nucleus=uranium projectile=neutron fragment_a=barium fragment_b=krypton energy=200MeV neutrons=3
scene nuclear_chain_reaction
reactor pile 1 moderator=graphite
nucleus uranium isotope=U235
chain chain_pile reactor=pile fuel=uranium generations=3
scene atomic_model
atom gold element=Au model=nuclear